Each time we need to read a sample (from the sysfs interface, since the
driver supports only it) the driver writes the configuration register
with the proper settings needed to perform the said read, then it runs
another xfer to actually read the resulting value. Most notably the
configuration register is updated to set the ADC internal MUX depending by
which channel the read targets.

Unfortunately this seems not enough to ensure correct operation because
the ADC works in a pipelined-like fashion and the new configuration isn't
applied in time.

The ADC alternates two phases: acquisition and conversion. During the
acquisition phase the ADC samples the analog signal in an internal
capacitor; in the conversion phase the ADC performs the actual analog to
digital conversion of the stored voltage. Note that of course the MUX
needs to be set to the proper channel when the acquisition phase is
performed.

Once the conversion phase has been completed, the device automatically
switches back to a new acquisition; on the other hand the device switches
from acquisition to conversion on the rising edge of SPI cs signal (that
is when the xfer finishes).

Only after both two phases have been completed (with the proper settings
already written in the configuration register since the beginning) it is
possible to read the outcome from SPI bus.

With the current driver implementation, we end up in the following
situation:

        _______  1st xfer ____________  2nd xfer ___________________
SPI cs..       \_________/            \_________/
SPI rd.. idle  |(val N-2)+    idle    | val N-1 +   idle ...
SPI wr.. idle  |  cfg N  +    idle    |   (X)   +   idle ...
------------------------ + -------------------- + ------------------
  AD  ..   acq  N-1      + cnv N-1 |  acq N     +  cnv N  | acq N+1

As shown in the diagram above, the value we read in the Nth read belongs
to configuration setting N-1.

In case the configuration is not changed (config[N] == config[N-1]), then
we still get correct data, but in case the configuration changes (i.e.
switching the MUX on another channel), we get wrong data (data from the
previously selected channel).

This patch fixes this by performing one more "dummy" transfer in order to
ending up in reading the data when it's really ready, as per the following
timing diagram.

        _______  1st xfer ____________  2nd xfer ___________  3rd xfer ___
SPI cs..       \_________/            \_________/           \_________/
SPI rd.. idle  |(val N-2)+    idle    |(val N-1)+    idle   |  val N  + ..
SPI wr.. idle  |  cfg N  +    idle    |   (X)   +    idle   |   (X)   + ..
------------------------ + -------------------- + ------------------- + --
  AD  ..   acq  N-1      + cnv N-1 |  acq N     +  cnv N  | acq N+1   | ..

NOTE: in the latter case (cfg changes), the acquisition phase for the
value to be read begins after the 1st xfer, that is after the read request
has been issued on sysfs. On the other hand, if the cfg doesn't change,
then we can refer to the fist diagram assuming N == (N - 1); the
acquisition phase _begins_ before the 1st xfer (potentially a lot of time
before the read has been issued via sysfs, but it _ends_ after the 1st
xfer, that is _after_ the read has started. This should guarantee a
reasonably fresh data, which value represents the voltage that the sampled
signal has after the read start or maybe just around it.

Signed-off-by: Andrea Merello <andrea.merello@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Charles-Antoine Couret <charles-antoine.couret@essensium.com>
Cc: <Stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Cameron <Jonathan.Cameron@huawei.com>