diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig.debug b/arch/x86/Kconfig.debug
index b59ee765414ea3891d6d4914485ba366fcee5663..45143bbcfe5e487d53e33bddaa7193ab68a5275e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/Kconfig.debug
+++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig.debug
@@ -117,6 +117,17 @@ config DEBUG_RODATA_TEST
feature as well as for the change_page_attr() infrastructure.
If in doubt, say "N"
+config DEBUG_SET_MODULE_RONX
+ bool "Set loadable kernel module data as NX and text as RO"
+ depends on MODULES
+ ---help---
+ This option helps catch unintended modifications to loadable
+ kernel module's text and read-only data. It also prevents execution
+ of module data. Such protection may interfere with run-time code
+ patching and dynamic kernel tracing - and they might also protect
+ against certain classes of kernel exploits.
+ If in doubt, say "N".
+
config DEBUG_NX_TEST
tristate "Testcase for the NX non-executable stack feature"
depends on DEBUG_KERNEL && m
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c b/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c
index 3afb33f14d2d2c86a3c961d87aaae531d2631ac8..298448656b6079d074232518cb16e50895b4a5b8 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
#include <trace/syscall.h>
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, save_modifying_code);
int ftrace_arch_code_modify_prepare(void)
{
set_kernel_text_rw();
+ set_all_modules_text_rw();
modifying_code = 1;
return 0;
}
@@ -56,6 +58,7 @@ int ftrace_arch_code_modify_prepare(void)
int ftrace_arch_code_modify_post_process(void)
{
modifying_code = 0;
+ set_all_modules_text_ro();
set_kernel_text_ro();
return 0;
}
diff --git a/include/linux/module.h b/include/linux/module.h
index b29e7458b96642b2f36162aa755b10ff76b15abe..ddaa689d71bdee5bd7ee5ca0df9a436417992d03 100644
--- a/include/linux/module.h
+++ b/include/linux/module.h
@@ -308,6 +308,9 @@ struct module
/* The size of the executable code in each section. */
unsigned int init_text_size, core_text_size;
+ /* Size of RO sections of the module (text+rodata) */
+ unsigned int init_ro_size, core_ro_size;
+
/* Arch-specific module values */
struct mod_arch_specific arch;
@@ -672,7 +675,6 @@ static inline int module_get_iter_tracepoints(struct tracepoint_iter *iter)
{
return 0;
}
-
#endif /* CONFIG_MODULES */
#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
@@ -687,6 +689,13 @@ extern int module_sysfs_initialized;
#define __MODULE_STRING(x) __stringify(x)
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SET_MODULE_RONX
+extern void set_all_modules_text_rw(void);
+extern void set_all_modules_text_ro(void);
+#else
+static inline void set_all_modules_text_rw(void) { }
+static inline void set_all_modules_text_ro(void) { }
+#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_BUG
void module_bug_finalize(const Elf_Ehdr *, const Elf_Shdr *,
diff --git a/kernel/module.c b/kernel/module.c
index 437a74a7524a7f592f669dbdc91a6c90503959ae..ba421e6b4ada7c14d5d61303831068b8f6ec976c 100644
--- a/kernel/module.c
+++ b/kernel/module.c
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/kmemleak.h>
#include <linux/jump_label.h>
+#include <linux/pfn.h>
#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include <trace/events/module.h>
@@ -70,6 +71,26 @@
#define ARCH_SHF_SMALL 0
#endif
+/*
+ * Modules' sections will be aligned on page boundaries
+ * to ensure complete separation of code and data, but
+ * only when CONFIG_DEBUG_SET_MODULE_RONX=y
+ */
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SET_MODULE_RONX
+# define debug_align(X) ALIGN(X, PAGE_SIZE)
+#else
+# define debug_align(X) (X)
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Given BASE and SIZE this macro calculates the number of pages the
+ * memory regions occupies
+ */
+#define MOD_NUMBER_OF_PAGES(BASE, SIZE) (((SIZE) > 0) ? \
+ (PFN_DOWN((unsigned long)(BASE) + (SIZE) - 1) - \
+ PFN_DOWN((unsigned long)BASE) + 1) \
+ : (0UL))
+
/* If this is set, the section belongs in the init part of the module */
#define INIT_OFFSET_MASK (1UL << (BITS_PER_LONG-1))
@@ -1542,6 +1563,115 @@ static int __unlink_module(void *_mod)
return 0;
}
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SET_MODULE_RONX
+/*
+ * LKM RO/NX protection: protect module's text/ro-data
+ * from modification and any data from execution.
+ */
+void set_page_attributes(void *start, void *end, int (*set)(unsigned long start, int num_pages))
+{
+ unsigned long begin_pfn = PFN_DOWN((unsigned long)start);
+ unsigned long end_pfn = PFN_DOWN((unsigned long)end);
+
+ if (end_pfn > begin_pfn)
+ set(begin_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT, end_pfn - begin_pfn);
+}
+
+static void set_section_ro_nx(void *base,
+ unsigned long text_size,
+ unsigned long ro_size,
+ unsigned long total_size)
+{
+ /* begin and end PFNs of the current subsection */
+ unsigned long begin_pfn;
+ unsigned long end_pfn;
+
+ /*
+ * Set RO for module text and RO-data:
+ * - Always protect first page.
+ * - Do not protect last partial page.
+ */
+ if (ro_size > 0)
+ set_page_attributes(base, base + ro_size, set_memory_ro);
+
+ /*
+ * Set NX permissions for module data:
+ * - Do not protect first partial page.
+ * - Always protect last page.
+ */
+ if (total_size > text_size) {
+ begin_pfn = PFN_UP((unsigned long)base + text_size);
+ end_pfn = PFN_UP((unsigned long)base + total_size);
+ if (end_pfn > begin_pfn)
+ set_memory_nx(begin_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT, end_pfn - begin_pfn);
+ }
+}
+
+/* Setting memory back to RW+NX before releasing it */
+void unset_section_ro_nx(struct module *mod, void *module_region)
+{
+ unsigned long total_pages;
+
+ if (mod->module_core == module_region) {
+ /* Set core as NX+RW */
+ total_pages = MOD_NUMBER_OF_PAGES(mod->module_core, mod->core_size);
+ set_memory_nx((unsigned long)mod->module_core, total_pages);
+ set_memory_rw((unsigned long)mod->module_core, total_pages);
+
+ } else if (mod->module_init == module_region) {
+ /* Set init as NX+RW */
+ total_pages = MOD_NUMBER_OF_PAGES(mod->module_init, mod->init_size);
+ set_memory_nx((unsigned long)mod->module_init, total_pages);
+ set_memory_rw((unsigned long)mod->module_init, total_pages);
+ }
+}
+
+/* Iterate through all modules and set each module's text as RW */
+void set_all_modules_text_rw()
+{
+ struct module *mod;
+
+ mutex_lock(&module_mutex);
+ list_for_each_entry_rcu(mod, &modules, list) {
+ if ((mod->module_core) && (mod->core_text_size)) {
+ set_page_attributes(mod->module_core,
+ mod->module_core + mod->core_text_size,
+ set_memory_rw);
+ }
+ if ((mod->module_init) && (mod->init_text_size)) {
+ set_page_attributes(mod->module_init,
+ mod->module_init + mod->init_text_size,
+ set_memory_rw);
+ }
+ }
+ mutex_unlock(&module_mutex);
+}
+
+/* Iterate through all modules and set each module's text as RO */
+void set_all_modules_text_ro()
+{
+ struct module *mod;
+
+ mutex_lock(&module_mutex);
+ list_for_each_entry_rcu(mod, &modules, list) {
+ if ((mod->module_core) && (mod->core_text_size)) {
+ set_page_attributes(mod->module_core,
+ mod->module_core + mod->core_text_size,
+ set_memory_ro);
+ }
+ if ((mod->module_init) && (mod->init_text_size)) {
+ set_page_attributes(mod->module_init,
+ mod->module_init + mod->init_text_size,
+ set_memory_ro);
+ }
+ }
+ mutex_unlock(&module_mutex);
+}
+#else
+static inline void set_section_ro_nx(void *base, unsigned long text_size, unsigned long ro_size, unsigned long total_size) { }
+static inline void unset_section_ro_nx(struct module *mod, void *module_region) { }
+#endif
+
/* Free a module, remove from lists, etc. */
static void free_module(struct module *mod)
{
@@ -1566,6 +1696,7 @@ static void free_module(struct module *mod)
destroy_params(mod->kp, mod->num_kp);
/* This may be NULL, but that's OK */
+ unset_section_ro_nx(mod, mod->module_init);
module_free(mod, mod->module_init);
kfree(mod->args);
percpu_modfree(mod);
@@ -1574,6 +1705,7 @@ static void free_module(struct module *mod)
lockdep_free_key_range(mod->module_core, mod->core_size);
/* Finally, free the core (containing the module structure) */
+ unset_section_ro_nx(mod, mod->module_core);
module_free(mod, mod->module_core);
#ifdef CONFIG_MPU
@@ -1777,8 +1909,19 @@ static void layout_sections(struct module *mod, struct load_info *info)
s->sh_entsize = get_offset(mod, &mod->core_size, s, i);
DEBUGP("\t%s\n", name);
}
- if (m == 0)
+ switch (m) {
+ case 0: /* executable */
+ mod->core_size = debug_align(mod->core_size);
mod->core_text_size = mod->core_size;
+ break;
+ case 1: /* RO: text and ro-data */
+ mod->core_size = debug_align(mod->core_size);
+ mod->core_ro_size = mod->core_size;
+ break;
+ case 3: /* whole core */
+ mod->core_size = debug_align(mod->core_size);
+ break;
+ }
}
DEBUGP("Init section allocation order:\n");
@@ -1796,8 +1939,19 @@ static void layout_sections(struct module *mod, struct load_info *info)
| INIT_OFFSET_MASK);
DEBUGP("\t%s\n", sname);
}
- if (m == 0)
+ switch (m) {
+ case 0: /* executable */
+ mod->init_size = debug_align(mod->init_size);
mod->init_text_size = mod->init_size;
+ break;
+ case 1: /* RO: text and ro-data */
+ mod->init_size = debug_align(mod->init_size);
+ mod->init_ro_size = mod->init_size;
+ break;
+ case 3: /* whole init */
+ mod->init_size = debug_align(mod->init_size);
+ break;
+ }
}
}
@@ -2650,6 +2804,18 @@ static struct module *load_module(void __user *umod,
kfree(info.strmap);
free_copy(&info);
+ /* Set RO and NX regions for core */
+ set_section_ro_nx(mod->module_core,
+ mod->core_text_size,
+ mod->core_ro_size,
+ mod->core_size);
+
+ /* Set RO and NX regions for init */
+ set_section_ro_nx(mod->module_init,
+ mod->init_text_size,
+ mod->init_ro_size,
+ mod->init_size);
+
/* Done! */
trace_module_load(mod);
return mod;
@@ -2753,6 +2919,7 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE3(init_module, void __user *, umod,
mod->symtab = mod->core_symtab;
mod->strtab = mod->core_strtab;
#endif
+ unset_section_ro_nx(mod, mod->module_init);
module_free(mod, mod->module_init);
mod->module_init = NULL;
mod->init_size = 0;