There is no tool named "gen_initramfs". The correct name is
"gen_init_cpio".

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>

This is assigned, but not referenced.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>

'klibcdirs' was added by commit d39a206b ("kbuild: rebuild initramfs
if content of initramfs changes"). If this is just a matter of forcing
execution of the recipe line, we can replace it with FORCE.

The following code is currently useless:

   $(deps_initramfs): klibcdirs

The original intent could be a hook for the klibc integration into the
kernel tree, but klibc is a separate project, which can be built
independently. Clean it up.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>

Since commit d2a99dbd ("kbuild: update compile-test header list for
v5.5-rc1"), this does not depend on any CONFIG option.

no-header-test is clearer.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>

Adding an include guard to every header file is good practice in case
it is included multiple times.

Exported headers are compile-tested for the comprehensive sanity checks.
Let's include the same header twice. If an include guard is missing,
the header will fail to build due to redefinition of something.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>

Prior to commit 858805b3 ("kbuild: add $(BASH) to run scripts with
bash-extension"), this shell script was almost always run by bash since
bash is usually installed on the system by default.

Now, this script is run by sh, which might be a symlink to dash. On such
distributions, the following code emits an error:

  local dev=`LC_ALL=C ls -l "${location}"`

You can reproduce the build error, for example by setting
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE="/dev".

    GEN     usr/initramfs_data.cpio.gz
  ./usr/gen_initramfs_list.sh: 131: local: 1: bad variable name
  make[1]: *** [usr/Makefile:61: usr/initramfs_data.cpio.gz] Error 2

This is because `LC_ALL=C ls -l "${location}"` contains spaces.
Surrounding it with double-quotes fixes the error.

Fixes: 858805b3 ("kbuild: add $(BASH) to run scripts with bash-extension")
Reported-by: Jory A. Pratt <anarchy@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>

Since commit fcbb8461 ("kbuild: remove header compile test"),
'make clean' with O= option in the pristine source tree emits
'No such file or directory' warning.

$ git clean -d -f -x
$ make O=foo clean
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/masahiro/linux/foo'
find: ‘usr/include’: No such file or directory
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/masahiro/linux/foo'

Fixes: fcbb8461 ("kbuild: remove header compile test")
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>

Userspace cannot compile <asm/sembuf.h> due to some missing type
definitions.  For example, building it for x86 fails as follows:

    CC      usr/include/asm/sembuf.h.s
  In file included from <command-line>:32:0:
  usr/include/asm/sembuf.h:17:20: error: field `sem_perm' has incomplete type
    struct ipc64_perm sem_perm; /* permissions .. see ipc.h */
                      ^~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm/sembuf.h:24:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_time_t'
    __kernel_time_t sem_otime; /* last semop time */
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm/sembuf.h:25:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_ulong_t'
    __kernel_ulong_t __unused1;
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm/sembuf.h:26:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_time_t'
    __kernel_time_t sem_ctime; /* last change time */
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm/sembuf.h:27:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_ulong_t'
    __kernel_ulong_t __unused2;
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm/sembuf.h:29:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_ulong_t'
    __kernel_ulong_t sem_nsems; /* no. of semaphores in array */
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm/sembuf.h:30:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_ulong_t'
    __kernel_ulong_t __unused3;
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm/sembuf.h:31:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_ulong_t'
    __kernel_ulong_t __unused4;
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

It is just a matter of missing include directive.

Include <asm/ipcbuf.h> to make it self-contained, and add it to
the compile-test coverage.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191030063855.9989-3-yamada.masahiro@socionext.com


Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Userspace cannot compile <asm/msgbuf.h> due to some missing type
definitions.  For example, building it for x86 fails as follows:

    CC      usr/include/asm/msgbuf.h.s
  In file included from usr/include/asm/msgbuf.h:6:0,
                   from <command-line>:32:
  usr/include/asm-generic/msgbuf.h:25:20: error: field `msg_perm' has incomplete type
    struct ipc64_perm msg_perm;
                      ^~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm-generic/msgbuf.h:27:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_time_t'
    __kernel_time_t msg_stime; /* last msgsnd time */
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm-generic/msgbuf.h:28:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_time_t'
    __kernel_time_t msg_rtime; /* last msgrcv time */
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm-generic/msgbuf.h:29:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_time_t'
    __kernel_time_t msg_ctime; /* last change time */
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm-generic/msgbuf.h:41:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_pid_t'
    __kernel_pid_t msg_lspid; /* pid of last msgsnd */
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm-generic/msgbuf.h:42:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_pid_t'
    __kernel_pid_t msg_lrpid; /* last receive pid */
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~

It is just a matter of missing include directive.

Include <asm/ipcbuf.h> to make it self-contained, and add it to
the compile-test coverage.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191030063855.9989-2-yamada.masahiro@socionext.com


Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Userspace cannot compile <asm/ipcbuf.h> due to some missing type
definitions.  For example, building it for x86 fails as follows:

    CC      usr/include/asm/ipcbuf.h.s
  In file included from usr/include/asm/ipcbuf.h:1:0,
                   from <command-line>:32:
  usr/include/asm-generic/ipcbuf.h:21:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_key_t'
    __kernel_key_t  key;
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm-generic/ipcbuf.h:22:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_uid32_t'
    __kernel_uid32_t uid;
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm-generic/ipcbuf.h:23:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_gid32_t'
    __kernel_gid32_t gid;
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm-generic/ipcbuf.h:24:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_uid32_t'
    __kernel_uid32_t cuid;
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm-generic/ipcbuf.h:25:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_gid32_t'
    __kernel_gid32_t cgid;
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm-generic/ipcbuf.h:26:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_mode_t'
    __kernel_mode_t  mode;
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm-generic/ipcbuf.h:28:35: error: `__kernel_mode_t' undeclared here (not in a function)
    unsigned char  __pad1[4 - sizeof(__kernel_mode_t)];
                                     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm-generic/ipcbuf.h:31:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_ulong_t'
    __kernel_ulong_t __unused1;
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  usr/include/asm-generic/ipcbuf.h:32:2: error: unknown type name `__kernel_ulong_t'
    __kernel_ulong_t __unused2;
    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

It is just a matter of missing include directive.

Include <linux/posix_types.h> to make it self-contained, and add it to
the compile-test coverage.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191030063855.9989-1-yamada.masahiro@socionext.com


Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Userspace cannot compile <linux/scc.h>

    CC      usr/include/linux/scc.h.s
  In file included from <command-line>:32:0:
  usr/include/linux/scc.h:20:20: error: `SIOCDEVPRIVATE' undeclared here (not in a function)
    SIOCSCCRESERVED = SIOCDEVPRIVATE,
                      ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Include <linux/sockios.h> to make it self-contained, and add it to the
compile-test coverage.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191108055809.26969-1-yamada.masahiro@socionext.com


Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Currently, some sanity checks for uapi headers are done by
scripts/headers_check.pl, which is wired up to the 'headers_check'
target in the top Makefile.

It is true compiling headers has better test coverage, but there
are still several headers excluded from the compile test. I like
to keep headers_check.pl for a while, but we can delete a lot of
code by moving the build rule to usr/include/Makefile.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

There are both positive and negative options about this feature.
At first, I thought it was a good idea, but actually Linus stated a
negative opinion (https://lkml.org/lkml/2019/9/29/227

). I admit it
is ugly and annoying.

The baseline I'd like to keep is the compile-test of uapi headers.
(Otherwise, kernel developers have no way to ensure the correctness
of the exported headers.)

I will maintain a small build rule in usr/include/Makefile.
Remove the other header test functionality.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Since commit 707816c8 ("netfilter: remove deprecation warnings from
uapi headers."), you can compile linux/netfilter_ipv4/ipt_LOG.h and
linux/netfilter_ipv6/ip6t_LOG.h without warnings.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Commit 6dc280eb ("coda: remove uapi/linux/coda_psdev.h") removed
a header in question. Some more build errors were fixed. Add more
headers into the test coverage.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

When CONFIG_UAPI_HEADER_TEST=y, exported headers are compile-tested to
make sure they can be included from user-space.

Currently, linux/netfilter_bridge/ebtables.h is excluded from the test
coverage. To make it join the compile-test, we need to fix the build
errors attached below.

For a case like this, we decided to use __u{8,16,32,64} variable types
in this discussion:

  https://lkml.org/lkml/2019/6/5/18



Build log:

  CC      usr/include/linux/netfilter_bridge/ebtables.h.s
In file included from <command-line>:32:0:
./usr/include/linux/netfilter_bridge/ebtables.h:126:4: error: unknown type name ‘uint8_t’
    uint8_t revision;
    ^~~~~~~
./usr/include/linux/netfilter_bridge/ebtables.h:139:4: error: unknown type name ‘uint8_t’
    uint8_t revision;
    ^~~~~~~
./usr/include/linux/netfilter_bridge/ebtables.h:152:4: error: unknown type name ‘uint8_t’
    uint8_t revision;
    ^~~~~~~

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>

Since 9e3596b0 ("kbuild: initramfs cleanup, set target from Kconfig")
"make clean" leaves behind compressed initramfs images.  Example:

  $ make defconfig
  $ sed -i 's|CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE=""|CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE="/tmp/ir.cpio"|' .config
  $ make olddefconfig
  $ make -s
  $ make -s clean
  $ git clean -ndxf | grep initramfs
  Would remove usr/initramfs_data.cpio.gz

clean rules do not have CONFIG_* context so they do not know which
compression format was used.  Thus they don't know which files to delete.

Tell clean to delete all possible compression formats.

Once patched usr/initramfs_data.cpio.gz and friends are deleted by
"make clean".

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190722063251.55541-1-gthelen@google.com


Fixes: 9e3596b0 ("kbuild: initramfs cleanup, set target from Kconfig")
Signed-off-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The only the difference between clean-files and clean-dirs is the -r
option passed to the 'rm' command.

You can always pass -r, and then remove the clean-dirs syntax.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Masahiro Yamada changed the zcrypt.h header file to use __u{16,32,64}
instead of uint{16,32,64}_t with ("s390: use __u{16,32,64} instead of
uint{16,32,64}_t in uapi header").

This makes all s390 header files pass - remove zcrypt.h from the blacklist.

Cc: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>

 - Some headers graduated from the blacklist

 - hyperv_timer.h joined the header-test when CONFIG_X86=y

 - nf_tables*.h joined the header-test when CONFIG_NF_TABLES is
   enabled.

 - The entry for nf_tables_offload.h was added to fix build error for
   the combination of CONFIG_NF_TABLES=n and CONFIG_KERNEL_HEADER_TEST=y.

 - The entry for iomap.h was added because this header is supposed to
   be included only when CONFIG_BLOCK=y

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Those documents describe a kAPI. So, add to the driver-api
book.

Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>

The two files there describes a Kernel API feature, used to
support early userspace stuff. Prepare for moving them to
the kernel API book by converting to ReST format.

The conversion itself was quite trivial: just add/mark a few
titles as such, add a literal block markup, add a table markup
and a few blank lines, in order to make Sphinx to properly parse it.

At its new index.rst, let's add a :orphan: while this is not linked to
the main index.rst file, in order to avoid build warnings.

Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>

Multiple people have suggested compile-testing UAPI headers to ensure
they can be really included from user-space. "make headers_check" is
obviously not enough to catch bugs, and we often leak unresolved
references to user-space.

Use the new header-test-y syntax to implement it. Please note exported
headers are compile-tested with a completely different set of compiler
flags. The header search path is set to $(objtree)/usr/include since
exported headers should not include unexported ones.

We use -std=gnu89 for the kernel space since the kernel code highly
depends on GNU extensions. On the other hand, UAPI headers should be
written in more standardized C, so they are compiled with -std=c90.
This will emit errors if C++ style comments, the keyword 'inline', etc.
are used. Please use C style comments (/* ... */), '__inline__', etc.
in UAPI headers.

There is additional compiler requirement to enable this test because
many of UAPI headers include <stdlib.h>, <sys/ioctl.h>, <sys/time.h>,
etc. directly or indirectly. You cannot use kernel.org pre-built
toolchains [1] since they lack <stdlib.h>.

I reused CONFIG_CC_CAN_LINK to check the system header availability.
The intention is slightly different, but a compiler that can link
userspace programs provide system headers.

For now, a lot of headers need to be excluded because they cannot
be compiled standalone, but this is a good start point.

[1] https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/tools/crosstool/index.html



Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Reviewed-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>

Signed-off-by: Eugen Cazacu <green182day@hotmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

scripts/gen_initramfs_list.sh is only invoked from usr/Makefile.
Move it so that all tools to create initramfs are self-contained
in the usr/ directory.

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

With the special case handling for Blackfin and Metag was removed by
commit 94e58e0a ("export.h: remove code for prefixing symbols with
underscore"), VMLINUX_SYMBOL() is no-op.

Replace the remaining usages, then remove the definition of
VMLINUX_SYMBOL() and VMLINUX_SYMBOL_STR().

Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

Incremental linking is gone, so rename built-in.o to built-in.a, which
is the usual extension for archive files.

This patch does two things, first is a simple search/replace:

git grep -l 'built-in\.o' | xargs sed -i 's/built-in\.o/built-in\.a/g'

The second is to invert nesting of nested text manipulations to avoid
filtering built-in.a out from libs-y2:

-libs-y2 := $(filter-out %.a, $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.a, $(libs-y)))
+libs-y2 := $(patsubst %/, %/built-in.a, $(filter-out %.a, $(libs-y)))

Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>

This is a follow-up to commit 57ddfdaa ("initramfs: fix disabling of
initramfs (and its compression)").  This particular commit fixed the use
case where we build the kernel with an initramfs with no compression,
and then we build the kernel with no initramfs.

Now this still left us with the same case as described here:

  http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170521033337.6197-1-f.fainelli@gmail.com

not working with initramfs compression.  This can be seen by the
following steps/timestamps:

  https://www.spinics.net/lists/kernel/msg2598153.html

.initramfs_data.cpio.gz.cmd is correct:

  cmd_usr/initramfs_data.cpio.gz := /bin/bash
  ./scripts/gen_initramfs_list.sh -o usr/initramfs_data.cpio.gz  -u 1000 -g 1000  /home/fainelli/work/uclinux-rootfs/romfs /home/fainelli/work/uclinux-rootfs/misc/initramfs.dev

and was generated the first time we did generate the gzip initramfs, so
the command has not changed, nor its arguments, so we just don't call
it, no initramfs cpio is re-generated as a consequence.

The fix for this problem is just to properly keep track of the
.initramfs_cpio_data.d file by suffixing it with the compression
extension.  This takes care of properly tracking dependencies such that
the initramfs get (re)generated any time files are added/deleted etc.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170930033936.6722-1-f.fainelli@gmail.com


Fixes: db2aa7fd ("initramfs: allow again choice of the embedded initramfs compression algorithm")
Fixes: 9e3596b0 ("kbuild: initramfs cleanup, set target from Kconfig")
Signed-off-by: Florian Fainelli <f.fainelli@gmail.com>
Cc: "Francisco Blas Izquierdo Riera (klondike)" <klondike@xiscosoft.net>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Clarify help text that compression applies to ramfs as well as legacy ramdisk.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/f206a960-5a61-cf59-f27c-e9f34872063c@landley.net


Signed-off-by: Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

scripts/gen_initramfs_list.sh: teach INITRAMFS_ROOT_UID and INITRAMFS_ROOT_GID that -1 means "current user".

Teach INITRAMFS_ROOT_UID and INITRAMFS_ROOT_GID that -1 means "current user".

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/2df3a9fb-4378-fa16-679d-99e788926c05@landley.net


Signed-off-by: Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Commit db2aa7fd ("initramfs: allow again choice of the embedded
initram compression algorithm") introduced the possibility to select the
initramfs compression algorithm from Kconfig and while this is a nice
feature it broke the use case described below.

Here is what my build system does:

 - kernel is initially configured not to have an initramfs included

 - build the user space root file system

 - re-configure the kernel to have an initramfs included
   (CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE="/path/to/romfs") and set relevant
   CONFIG_INITRAMFS options, in my case, no compression option
   (CONFIG_INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION_NONE)

 - kernel is re-built with these options -> kernel+initramfs image is
   copied

 - kernel is re-built again without these options -> kernel image is
   copied

Building a kernel without an initramfs means setting this option:

  CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE="" (and this one only)

whereas building a kernel with an initramfs means setting these options:

  CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE="/home/fainelli/work/uclinux-rootfs/romfs /home/fainelli/work/uclinux-rootfs/misc/initramfs.dev"
  CONFIG_INITRAMFS_ROOT_UID=1000
  CONFIG_INITRAMFS_ROOT_GID=1000
  CONFIG_INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION_NONE=y
  CONFIG_INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION=""

Commit db2aa7fd ("initramfs: allow again choice of the embedded
initram compression algorithm") is problematic because
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION which is used to determine the
initramfs_data.cpio extension/compression is a string, and due to how
Kconfig works it will evaluate in order, how to assign it.

Setting CONFIG_INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION_NONE with CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE=""
cannot possibly work (because of the depends on INITRAMFS_SOURCE!=""
imposed on CONFIG_INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION ) yet we still get
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION assigned to ".gz" because CONFIG_RD_GZIP=y
is set in my kernel, even when there is no initramfs being built.

So we basically end-up generating two initramfs_data.cpio* files, one
without extension, and one with .gz.  This causes usr/Makefile to track
usr/initramfs_data.cpio.gz, and not usr/initramfs_data.cpio anymore,
that is also largely problematic after 9e3596b0 ("kbuild:
initramfs cleanup, set target from Kconfig") because we used to track
all possible initramfs_data files in the $(targets) variable before that
commit.

The end result is that the kernel with an initramfs clearly does not
contain what we expect it to, it has a stale initramfs_data.cpio file
built into it, and we keep re-generating an initramfs_data.cpio.gz file
which is not the one that we want to include in the kernel image proper.

The fix consists in hiding CONFIG_INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION when
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE="".  This puts us back in a state to the
pre-4.10 behavior where we can properly disable and re-enable initramfs
within the same kernel .config file, and be in control of what
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION is set to.

Fixes: db2aa7fd ("initramfs: allow again choice of the embedded initram compression algorithm")
Fixes: 9e3596b0 ("kbuild: initramfs cleanup, set target from Kconfig")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170521033337.6197-1-f.fainelli@gmail.com


Signed-off-by: Florian Fainelli <f.fainelli@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: P J P <ppandit@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Bolle <pebolle@tiscali.nl>
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Cc: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Many "embedded" architectures provide CMDLINE_FORCE to allow the kernel
to override the command line provided by an inflexible bootloader.
However there is currrently no way for the kernel to override the
initramfs image provided by the bootloader meaning there are still ways
for bootloaders to make things difficult for us.

Fix this by introducing INITRAMFS_FORCE which can prevent the kernel
from loading the bootloader supplied image.

We use CMDLINE_FORCE (and its friend CMDLINE_EXTEND) to imply that the
system has an inflexible bootloader.  This allow us to avoid presenting
this config option to users of systems where inflexible bootloaders
aren't usually a problem.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170217121940.30126-1-daniel.thompson@linaro.org


Signed-off-by: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Rather than keep a list of all possible compression types in the
Makefile, set the target explicitly from Kconfig.

Reviewed-by: Francisco Blas Izquierdo Riera (klondike) <klondike@klondike.es>
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When using initramfs compression, the data file compression suffix
gets quotes pulled in from Kconfig, e.g., initramfs_data.cpio".gz"
which make does not match a target and causes rebuild.

Fix this by filtering out quotes from the Kconfig string.

Fixes: 35e669e1 ("initramfs: select builtin initram compression algorithm on KConfig instead of Makefile")
Reviewed-by: Francisco Blas Izquierdo Riera (klondike) <klondike@klondike.es>
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Choosing the appropriate compression option when using an embedded
initramfs can result in significant size differences in the resulting
data.

This is caused by avoiding double compression of the initramfs contents.
For example on my tests, choosing CONFIG_INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION_NONE when
compressing the kernel using XZ) results in up to 500KiB differences
(9MiB to 8.5MiB) in the kernel size as the dictionary will not get
polluted with uncomprensible data and may reuse kernel data too.

Despite embedding an uncompressed initramfs, a user may want to allow
for a compressed extra initramfs to be passed using the rd system, for
example to boot a recovery system.  9ba4bcb6 ("initramfs: read
CONFIG_RD_ variables for initramfs compression") broke that behavior by
making the choice based on CONFIG_RD_* instead of adding
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION_LZ4.  Saddly, CONFIG_RD_* is also used to
choose the supported RD compression algorithms by the kernel and a user
may want to support more than one.

This patch also reverts commit 3e4e0f0a ("initramfs: remove
"compression mode" choice") restoring back the "compression mode" choice
and includes the CONFIG_INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION_LZ4 option which was never
added.

As a result the following options are added or readed affecting the embedded
initramfs compression:
  INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION_NONE Do no compression
  INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION_GZIP Compress using gzip
  INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION_BZIP2 Compress using bzip2
  INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION_LZMA Compress using lzma
  INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION_XZ Compress using xz
  INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION_LZO Compress using lzo
  INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION_LZ4 Compress using lz4

These depend on the corresponding CONFIG_RD_* option being set (except
NONE which has no dependencies).

This patch depends on the previous one (the previous version didn't) to
simplify the way in which the algorithm is chosen and keep backwards
compatibility with the behaviour introduced by 9ba4bcb6
("initramfs: read CONFIG_RD_ variables for initramfs compression").

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/57EAD77B.7090607@klondike.es


Signed-off-by: Francisco Blas Izquierdo Riera (klondike) <klondike@klondike.es>
Cc: P J P <ppandit@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Bolle <pebolle@tiscali.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Move the current builtin initram compression algorithm selection from
the Makefile into the INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION variable.  This makes
deciding algorithm precedence easier and would allow for overrides if
new algorithms want to be tested.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/57EAD769.1090401@klondike.es


Signed-off-by: Francisco Blas Izquierdo Riera (klondike) <klondike@klondike.es>
Cc: P J P <ppandit@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Bolle <pebolle@tiscali.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The kernel has support for (nearly) every compression algorithm known to
man, each to handle some particular microscopic niche.

Unfortunately all of these always get compiled in if you want to support
INITRDs, and can be only disabled when CONFIG_EXPERT is set.

I don't see why I need to set EXPERT just to properly configure the initrd
compression algorithms, and not always include every possible algorithm

Usually the initrd is just compressed with gzip anyways, at least that's
true on all distributions I use.

Remove the dependencies for initrd compression on CONFIG_EXPERT.

Make the various options just default y, which should be good enough to
not break any previous configuration.

Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Commit 9ba4bcb6 ("initramfs: read CONFIG_RD_ variables for initramfs
compression") removed the users of the various INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION_*
Kconfig symbols.  So since v3.13 the entire "Built-in initramfs
compression mode" choice is a set of knobs connected to nothing.  The
entire choice can safely be removed.

Signed-off-by: Paul Bolle <pebolle@tiscali.nl>
Cc: P J P <ppandit@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When expert configuration option(CONFIG_EXPERT) is enabled, menuconfig
offers a choice of compression algorithm to compress initial ramfs image;
This choice is stored into CONFIG_RD_* variables.  But usr/Makefile uses
earlier INITRAMFS_COMPRESSION_* macros to build initial ramfs file.  Since
none of them is defined, resulting 'initramfs_data.cpio' file remains
un-compressed.

This patch updates the Makefile to use CONFIG_RD_* variables and adds
support for LZ4 compression algorithm.  Also updates the
'gen_initramfs_list.sh' script to check whether a selected compression
command is accessible or not.  And fall-back to default gzip(1)
compression when it is not.

Signed-off-by: P J P <prasad@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>