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  • Martyn Welch Martyn Welch martyn
1 author
  1. Jan 26, 2016
    • Thomas Gleixner's avatar
      rtmutex: Make wait_lock irq safe · b4abf910
      Thomas Gleixner authored 
      
Sasha reported a lockdep splat about a potential deadlock between RCU boosting
rtmutex and the posix timer it_lock.

CPU0					CPU1

rtmutex_lock(&rcu->rt_mutex)
  spin_lock(&rcu->rt_mutex.wait_lock)
					local_irq_disable()
					spin_lock(&timer->it_lock)
					spin_lock(&rcu->mutex.wait_lock)
--> Interrupt
    spin_lock(&timer->it_lock)

This is caused by the following code sequence on CPU1

     rcu_read_lock()
     x = lookup();
     if (x)
     	spin_lock_irqsave(&x->it_lock);
     rcu_read_unlock();
     return x;

We could fix that in the posix timer code by keeping rcu read locked across
the spinlocked and irq disabled section, but the above sequence is common and
there is no reason not to support it.

Taking rt_mutex.wait_lock irq safe prevents the deadlock.

Reported-by: default avatarSasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Paul McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
      b4abf910
  3. Jan 21, 2016
    • Jann Horn's avatar
      ptrace: use fsuid, fsgid, effective creds for fs access checks · caaee623
      Jann Horn authored 
      
By checking the effective credentials instead of the real UID / permitted
capabilities, ensure that the calling process actually intended to use its
credentials.

To ensure that all ptrace checks use the correct caller credentials (e.g.
in case out-of-tree code or newly added code omits the PTRACE_MODE_*CREDS
flag), use two new flags and require one of them to be set.

The problem was that when a privileged task had temporarily dropped its
privileges, e.g.  by calling setreuid(0, user_uid), with the intent to
perform following syscalls with the credentials of a user, it still passed
ptrace access checks that the user would not be able to pass.

While an attacker should not be able to convince the privileged task to
perform a ptrace() syscall, this is a problem because the ptrace access
check is reused for things in procfs.

In particular, the following somewhat interesting procfs entries only rely
on ptrace access checks:

 /proc/$pid/stat - uses the check for determining whether pointers
     should be visible, useful for bypassing ASLR
 /proc/$pid/maps - also useful for bypassing ASLR
 /proc/$pid/cwd - useful for gaining access to restricted
     directories that contain files with lax permissions, e.g. in
     this scenario:
     lrwxrwxrwx root root /proc/13020/cwd -> /root/foobar
     drwx------ root root /root
     drwxr-xr-x root root /root/foobar
     -rw-r--r-- root root /root/foobar/secret

Therefore, on a system where a root-owned mode 6755 binary changes its
effective credentials as described and then dumps a user-specified file,
this could be used by an attacker to reveal the memory layout of root's
processes or reveal the contents of files he is not allowed to access
(through /proc/$pid/cwd).

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warning]
Signed-off-by: default avatarJann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
Acked-by: default avatarKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Casey Schaufler <casey@schaufler-ca.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      caaee623
  5. Jan 16, 2016
  7. Dec 20, 2015
  9. Oct 04, 2015
  11. Sep 22, 2015
  13. Jul 20, 2015
  15. Jun 19, 2015
  17. May 19, 2015
  19. May 08, 2015
    • Davidlohr Bueso's avatar
      futex: Implement lockless wakeups · 1d0dcb3a
      Davidlohr Bueso authored 
      
Given the overall futex architecture, any chance of reducing
hb->lock contention is welcome. In this particular case, using
wake-queues to enable lockless wakeups addresses very much real
world performance concerns, even cases of soft-lockups in cases
of large amounts of blocked tasks (which is not hard to find in
large boxes, using but just a handful of futex).

At the lowest level, this patch can reduce latency of a single thread
attempting to acquire hb->lock in highly contended scenarios by a
up to 2x. At lower counts of nr_wake there are no regressions,
confirming, of course, that the wake_q handling overhead is practically
non existent. For instance, while a fair amount of variation,
the extended pef-bench wakeup benchmark shows for a 20 core machine
the following avg per-thread time to wakeup its share of tasks:

	nr_thr	ms-before	ms-after
	16 	0.0590		0.0215
	32 	0.0396		0.0220
	48 	0.0417		0.0182
	64 	0.0536		0.0236
	80 	0.0414		0.0097
	96 	0.0672		0.0152

Naturally, this can cause spurious wakeups. However there is no core code
that cannot handle them afaict, and furthermore tglx does have the point
that other events can already trigger them anyway.

Signed-off-by: default avatarDavidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: default avatarThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Cc: George Spelvin <linux@horizon.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1430494072-30283-3-git-send-email-dave@stgolabs.net


Signed-off-by: default avatarIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      1d0dcb3a
  21. Apr 22, 2015
  23. Feb 18, 2015
  25. Feb 13, 2015
    • Andy Lutomirski's avatar
      all arches, signal: move restart_block to struct task_struct · f56141e3
      Andy Lutomirski authored 
      
If an attacker can cause a controlled kernel stack overflow, overwriting
the restart block is a very juicy exploit target.  This is because the
restart_block is held in the same memory allocation as the kernel stack.

Moving the restart block to struct task_struct prevents this exploit by
making the restart_block harder to locate.

Note that there are other fields in thread_info that are also easy
targets, at least on some architectures.

It's also a decent simplification, since the restart code is more or less
identical on all architectures.

[james.hogan@imgtec.com: metag: align thread_info::supervisor_stack]
Signed-off-by: default avatarAndy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Acked-by: default avatarRichard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com>
Cc: Vineet Gupta <vgupta@synopsys.com>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@gmail.com>
Cc: Hans-Christian Egtvedt <egtvedt@samfundet.no>
Cc: Steven Miao <realmz6@gmail.com>
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Cc: Aurelien Jacquiot <a-jacquiot@ti.com>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com>
Cc: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Richard Kuo <rkuo@codeaurora.org>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se>
Cc: "James E.J. Bottomley" <jejb@parisc-linux.org>
Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> (powerpc)
Tested-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> (powerpc)
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Chen Liqin <liqin.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Lennox Wu <lennox.wu@gmail.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@ezchip.com>
Cc: Guan Xuetao <gxt@mprc.pku.edu.cn>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: default avatarJames Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      f56141e3
  27. Jan 19, 2015
    • Michael Kerrisk's avatar
      futex: Fix argument handling in futex_lock_pi() calls · 996636dd
      Michael Kerrisk authored 
      
This patch fixes two separate buglets in calls to futex_lock_pi():

  * Eliminate unused 'detect' argument
  * Change unused 'timeout' argument of FUTEX_TRYLOCK_PI to NULL

The 'detect' argument of futex_lock_pi() seems never to have been
used (when it was included with the initial PI mutex implementation
in Linux 2.6.18, all checks against its value were disabled by
ANDing against 0 (i.e., if (detect... && 0)), and with
commit 778e9a9c, any mention of
this argument in futex_lock_pi() went way altogether. Its presence
now serves only to confuse readers of the code, by giving the
impression that the futex() FUTEX_LOCK_PI operation actually does
use the 'val' argument. This patch removes the argument.

The futex_lock_pi() call that corresponds to FUTEX_TRYLOCK_PI includes
'timeout' as one of its arguments. This misleads the reader into thinking
that the FUTEX_TRYLOCK_PI operation does employ timeouts for some sensible
purpose; but it does not.  Indeed, it cannot, because the checks at the
start of sys_futex() exclude FUTEX_TRYLOCK_PI from the set of operations
that do copy_from_user() on the timeout argument. So, in the
FUTEX_TRYLOCK_PI futex_lock_pi() call it would be simplest to change
'timeout' to 'NULL'. This patch does that.

Signed-off-by: default avatarMichael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: default avatarDarren Hart <darren@dvhart.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/54B96646.8010200@gmail.com


Signed-off-by: default avatarThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
      996636dd
  29. Oct 26, 2014
  31. Oct 18, 2014
    • Catalin Marinas's avatar
      futex: Ensure get_futex_key_refs() always implies a barrier · 76835b0e
      Catalin Marinas authored 
      
Commit b0c29f79 (futexes: Avoid taking the hb->lock if there's
nothing to wake up) changes the futex code to avoid taking a lock when
there are no waiters. This code has been subsequently fixed in commit
11d4616b (futex: revert back to the explicit waiter counting code).
Both the original commit and the fix-up rely on get_futex_key_refs() to
always imply a barrier.

However, for private futexes, none of the cases in the switch statement
of get_futex_key_refs() would be hit and the function completes without
a memory barrier as required before checking the "waiters" in
futex_wake() -> hb_waiters_pending(). The consequence is a race with a
thread waiting on a futex on another CPU, allowing the waker thread to
read "waiters == 0" while the waiter thread to have read "futex_val ==
locked" (in kernel).

Without this fix, the problem (user space deadlocks) can be seen with
Android bionic's mutex implementation on an arm64 multi-cluster system.

Signed-off-by: default avatarCatalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Reported-by: default avatarMatteo Franchin <Matteo.Franchin@arm.com>
Fixes: b0c29f79 (futexes: Avoid taking the hb->lock if there's nothing to wake up)
Acked-by: default avatarDavidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Tested-by: default avatarMike Galbraith <umgwanakikbuti@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: Darren Hart <dvhart@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      76835b0e
  33. Sep 12, 2014
  35. Jun 21, 2014
  37. Jun 05, 2014
    • Thomas Gleixner's avatar
      futex: Make lookup_pi_state more robust · 54a21788
      Thomas Gleixner authored 
      
The current implementation of lookup_pi_state has ambigous handling of
the TID value 0 in the user space futex.  We can get into the kernel
even if the TID value is 0, because either there is a stale waiters bit
or the owner died bit is set or we are called from the requeue_pi path
or from user space just for fun.

The current code avoids an explicit sanity check for pid = 0 in case
that kernel internal state (waiters) are found for the user space
address.  This can lead to state leakage and worse under some
circumstances.

Handle the cases explicit:

       Waiter | pi_state | pi->owner | uTID      | uODIED | ?

  [1]  NULL   | ---      | ---       | 0         | 0/1    | Valid
  [2]  NULL   | ---      | ---       | >0        | 0/1    | Valid

  [3]  Found  | NULL     | --        | Any       | 0/1    | Invalid

  [4]  Found  | Found    | NULL      | 0         | 1      | Valid
  [5]  Found  | Found    | NULL      | >0        | 1      | Invalid

  [6]  Found  | Found    | task      | 0         | 1      | Valid

  [7]  Found  | Found    | NULL      | Any       | 0      | Invalid

  [8]  Found  | Found    | task      | ==taskTID | 0/1    | Valid
  [9]  Found  | Found    | task      | 0         | 0      | Invalid
  [10] Found  | Found    | task      | !=taskTID | 0/1    | Invalid

 [1] Indicates that the kernel can acquire the futex atomically. We
     came came here due to a stale FUTEX_WAITERS/FUTEX_OWNER_DIED bit.

 [2] Valid, if TID does not belong to a kernel thread. If no matching
     thread is found then it indicates that the owner TID has died.

 [3] Invalid. The waiter is queued on a non PI futex

 [4] Valid state after exit_robust_list(), which sets the user space
     value to FUTEX_WAITERS | FUTEX_OWNER_DIED.

 [5] The user space value got manipulated between exit_robust_list()
     and exit_pi_state_list()

 [6] Valid state after exit_pi_state_list() which sets the new owner in
     the pi_state but cannot access the user space value.

 [7] pi_state->owner can only be NULL when the OWNER_DIED bit is set.

 [8] Owner and user space value match

 [9] There is no transient state which sets the user space TID to 0
     except exit_robust_list(), but this is indicated by the
     FUTEX_OWNER_DIED bit. See [4]

[10] There is no transient state which leaves owner and user space
     TID out of sync.

Signed-off-by: default avatarThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
Cc: Darren Hart <dvhart@linux.intel.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      54a21788
    • Thomas Gleixner's avatar
      futex: Always cleanup owner tid in unlock_pi · 13fbca4c
      Thomas Gleixner authored 
      
If the owner died bit is set at futex_unlock_pi, we currently do not
cleanup the user space futex.  So the owner TID of the current owner
(the unlocker) persists.  That's observable inconsistant state,
especially when the ownership of the pi state got transferred.

Clean it up unconditionally.

Signed-off-by: default avatarThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
Cc: Darren Hart <dvhart@linux.intel.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      13fbca4c
    • Thomas Gleixner's avatar
      futex: Validate atomic acquisition in futex_lock_pi_atomic() · b3eaa9fc
      Thomas Gleixner authored 
      
We need to protect the atomic acquisition in the kernel against rogue
user space which sets the user space futex to 0, so the kernel side
acquisition succeeds while there is existing state in the kernel
associated to the real owner.

Verify whether the futex has waiters associated with kernel state.  If
it has, return -EINVAL.  The state is corrupted already, so no point in
cleaning it up.  Subsequent calls will fail as well.  Not our problem.

[ tglx: Use futex_top_waiter() and explain why we do not need to try
  	restoring the already corrupted user space state. ]

Signed-off-by: default avatarDarren Hart <dvhart@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: default avatarThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      b3eaa9fc
    • Thomas Gleixner's avatar
      futex-prevent-requeue-pi-on-same-futex.patch futex: Forbid uaddr == uaddr2 in... · e9c243a5
      Thomas Gleixner authored 
      futex-prevent-requeue-pi-on-same-futex.patch futex: Forbid uaddr == uaddr2 in futex_requeue(..., requeue_pi=1)

If uaddr == uaddr2, then we have broken the rule of only requeueing from
a non-pi futex to a pi futex with this call.  If we attempt this, then
dangling pointers may be left for rt_waiter resulting in an exploitable
condition.

This change brings futex_requeue() in line with futex_wait_requeue_pi()
which performs the same check as per commit 6f7b0a2a ("futex: Forbid
uaddr == uaddr2 in futex_wait_requeue_pi()")

[ tglx: Compare the resulting keys as well, as uaddrs might be
  	different depending on the mapping ]

Fixes CVE-2014-3153.

Reported-by: Pinkie Pie
Signed-off-by: default avatarWill Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarKees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: default avatarThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: default avatarDarren Hart <dvhart@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: default avatarLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      e9c243a5
  39. May 19, 2014
    • Thomas Gleixner's avatar
      futex: Prevent attaching to kernel threads · f0d71b3d
      Thomas Gleixner authored 
      
We happily allow userspace to declare a random kernel thread to be the
owner of a user space PI futex.

Found while analysing the fallout of Dave Jones syscall fuzzer.

We also should validate the thread group for private futexes and find
some fast way to validate whether the "alleged" owner has RW access on
the file which backs the SHM, but that's a separate issue.

Signed-off-by: default avatarThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Darren Hart <darren@dvhart.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Clark Williams <williams@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@hack.frob.com>
Cc: Carlos ODonell <carlos@redhat.com>
Cc: Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140512201701.194824402@linutronix.de


Signed-off-by: default avatarThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
      f0d71b3d
    • Thomas Gleixner's avatar
      futex: Add another early deadlock detection check · 866293ee
      Thomas Gleixner authored 
      Dave Jones trinity syscall fuzzer exposed an issue in the deadlock
detection code of rtmutex:
  http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140429151655.GA14277@redhat.com



That underlying issue has been fixed with a patch to the rtmutex code,
but the futex code must not call into rtmutex in that case because
    - it can detect that issue early
    - it avoids a different and more complex fixup for backing out

If the user space variable got manipulated to 0x80000000 which means
no lock holder, but the waiters bit set and an active pi_state in the
kernel is found we can figure out the recursive locking issue by
looking at the pi_state owner. If that is the current task, then we
can safely return -EDEADLK.

The check should have been added in commit 59fa6245 (futex: Handle
futex_pi OWNER_DIED take over correctly) already, but I did not see
the above issue caused by user space manipulation back then.

Signed-off-by: default avatarThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Darren Hart <darren@dvhart.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Clark Williams <williams@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@hack.frob.com>
Cc: Carlos ODonell <carlos@redhat.com>
Cc: Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140512201701.097349971@linutronix.de


Signed-off-by: default avatarThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
      866293ee
  41. Apr 18, 2014
  43. Apr 13, 2014